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These indicators show the importance of studies that help TTOs structure TT activities.

In addition, most TTOs are more focused on protecting intellectual property than on TT, resulting in the vast majority of STIs without signed TT agreements. 10.973, 2004), which encourages the goal of TTOs – companies interactions, TT remains a challenge for most TTOs.

Hence, even after years of the promulgation of the Brazilian Innovation Law ( Lei n.

The authors noticed the low implementation level when they verified that among the 305 TTOs studied in the research, only 25.2% of them considered the development of studies and strategies for TT as implemented. However, according to data from the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovations and Communications (2019), the development of studies and strategies for TT has experienced the lowest level of deployment in Brazil among the activities considered essential in TTO. The TTOs are instituted by law to manage intellectual property and innovation policies, in addition to promote and negotiate the STI’s relationship with companies and the commercialization of STI knowledge ( Lei n. The development of studies and strategies for TT by Brazilian Science and Technology Institutions (STIs) is the responsibility of technology transfer offices (TTOs). Most research on TT involving public institutions and companies has focused on developed countries, leaving a knowledge gap in emerging countries like Brazil ( Soares & Torkomian, 2021). Thus, there are increased expectations that universities and research institutions will be ready to transfer the knowledge generated in their laboratories to companies and society through collaborations and licenses. Studies on technology transfer (TT) topics have evolved rapidly, demonstrating the interest of researchers, managers and entrepreneurs in this area ( Bozeman, Rimes, & Youtie, 2015). The full terms of this licence maybe seen at. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Published in Innovation & Management Review. Copyright © 2023, Karin Goebel, Sabrine Dias Losekann, Paola Thalissa Bartoski Polla, Karla Bernardo Mattoso Montenegro and Andréa Rodrigues Ávila License

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